基于偏好免疫网络的油茶果采摘机器人图像识别算法

针对油茶果采摘机器人视觉识别中外界物体的形态学特性要求,采用了偏好人工免疫网络算法作为机器视觉的图像识别算法,并根据采摘环境及采摘对象的特点对算法结构进行了改进,增强了算法的识别率.仿真实验表明,采用偏好人工免疫网络算法对油茶果的识别率在晴天时达到了81.67％,阴天时达到了87.69％,满足采摘识别率的要求.     

不同套袋处理对‘岳苹’果实品质及着色的影响

为探讨‘岳苹’苹果的适宜果袋及摘袋后果皮色素含量的变化规律,确定摘袋后的适宜采收时间,对其设定3种套袋处理,并对不同处理果实内含物、糖、酸和果皮色素的含量进行测定。结果表明：套纸袋使‘岳苹’果实的硬度和果皮花青苷的含量分别提高7.7%和30.9%,促进果实着色,提高果实外观品质,但降低了‘岳苹’果实的风味,使果糖、蔗糖和总糖的含量分别降低了14.2%、59.7%和19.2%;套塑膜袋使‘岳苹’果实的硬度及果皮花青苷的含量分别降低了6.1%、10.0%和36.4%、35.3%;套塑膜袋摘袋使果实果糖和总糖的含量分别提高11.6%和6.8%;同时确定了‘岳苹’果实摘袋后采收的最佳时间为9~11天。     

北京市鲟鱼产业价值链分析

为了促进北京市鲟鱼产业的快速发展和优化北京市鲟鱼产业价值链,本文运用现场调研与调查问卷的方式,对北京市13个区县的40家鲟鱼养殖场和2个鲟鱼繁育基地、13个大型水产批发市场和北京朝阳区、海淀区、西城区以及东城区近20家大中型超市消费者进行了调研。调研显示,经过近20年的发展,北京市鲟鱼产业价值链已初步形成,但是在鲟鱼优良品种、鲟鱼养殖技术、鲟鱼深加工、鲟鱼批发与零售、鲟鱼自有品牌建设以及鲟鱼产品的销售和推广方面仍有很大的不足,需要不断地优化和完善北京市鲟鱼产业价值链的各个环节。基于此,本文以调研所获取的第一手资料为基础,对北京市鲟鱼产业价值链各个环节进行分析,并提出优化北京市鲟鱼产业价值链的七大相应措施,从而带动北京市鲟鱼产业的发展。     

An Evaluation of the Suitability of Selected Waste Products in Feeds for Three Fish Species

ABSTRACT

Five types of aquatic food industry waste products (carp offal, carp roe, fish frames, trout offal and surimi processing waste) together with fish meal were evaluated for their suitability as potential fish meal replacements, partially or wholly, in diets for three species (rainbow trout, Murray cod and shortfin eel) cultured in Australia, using a number of criteria.

The proximate composition of the ingredients on a dry matter basis including protein content, lipid and ash, varied considerably. The essential amino acid (EAA) contents of the waste products and fish meal decreased in the order: carp roe > fish meal > carp offal > ‘surimi’ processing waste > fish frames > trout offal. The results of cluster analysis of A/E ratios of waste products and fish whole body fell within three clusters. The EAAI of whole body tissue of Murray cod, rainbow trout and Australian shortfin eel however, were closest to fish meal, followed by fish frame waste and/or ‘surimi’ waste. The results on A/E ratios and EAAI did not conform to the raw data on TAA and EAA. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to have a multi-prong approach to determine the suitability of ingredients for incorporation into fish feeds.     

Small-Scale Shrimp Grower–Collector Relationships: The Case of Thua Thien Hue Province,Central Vietnam

Small-scale shrimp-culture is an important livelihood for rural residents in Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province, central Vietnam. However, they are facing the risk of exclusion from the food system due to globalization and trade liberalization. To keep these farmers in modern supply chains, their relationships with other chain actors, foremost the collectors, need to be improved. Thus, this study explores the characteristics and constructs of the relationships between the small-scale shrimp growers and their collectors. Data was based on a survey on 83 small-scale shrimp growers, together with 16 unstructured interviews with growers (10) and collectors (6). It was revealed that the relationships between small-scale shrimp growers and collectors in TTH province are short-term and price-driven and are influenced by the power of collectors. The relationship strength was measured by five intercorrelated constructs including reliability, willingness-to-maintain, desire-fulfilment, negotiation capacity, and discussion capacity. Although some constructs were positively correlated, the strength of the relationships was weak. Both business linkages and social connections affected the grower-collector relationships. Female traders had stronger relationships with collectors than males. Therefore, interventions should be focused on business and social linkages as well as females’ involvement in shrimp trade.     

蓄流分离式果树节能微灌新技术应用研究

针对特色林果业种植面积快速发展中,现有节水灌溉技术应用于果树灌溉存在一些局限和不完善问题,创新提出基于果树类作物的蓄流分离式灌溉技术模式。以技术理论结合试验示范应用研究范例,分析这一灌溉模式节水增产、节能降耗、提升灌溉水温、定额用水机制,以及取得的技术经济效果。蓄流灌溉新模式对研究拓展不同灌溉作物多元化节水新技术、新方法、新产品,具有重要的现实应用意义。     

水果分选机称重模块调理电路设计

为了满足水果外观品质和质量综合分选的实际需要,可以在水果机器视觉分选机上加上称重模块。为了提高称重模块的精度,基于AD7195芯片,利用比率测量和交流激励的方法,设计出了水果分选机称重模块的调理电路。同时,详细描述了该调理电路的理论基础、硬件构成以及输出结果的软件补偿等,得到了质量与其A/D转换值之间的关系式,并对调理电路的精度进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该调理电路具有很高的测量精度,且具有线性度、重复性好等特点,可以满足大多数水果称重分选的要求。     

基于智能称重的水果分级生产线设计

设计了一种基于智能称重的可以用于多种类球型水果实时、动态检测的分级生产线。整条生产线由水果输送装置、称重装置、控制装置、分级执行装置和托盘机构组成,水果输送装置将水果逐个输送到水果分级生产线的托盘机构,托盘机构随滑块循环运动至称重台上完成称重,质量信息传送至控制装置,控制装置根据国家标准判定每个水果的等级,发出指令传送给分级执行装置,完成水果的分级。     

The effects of dietary HUFA level on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) spawning,egg quality and early larval characteristics

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) reproduction, and egg and larval quality. In the experiment, formulated diets containing 1.8, 2.9 or 3.6% n‐3 HUFA were fed to flame angelfish broodstock (n = 4) for 5 months. Mean fecundity (daily egg production), egg fertilization rates and embryo viability were used as indicators of egg quality. In addition, mean egg diameter, oil globule diameter, per cent hatch, larval size at hatch, per cent survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion were recorded for each treatment. Flame angelfish fed the diet containing 3.6% n‐3 HUFA exhibited significantly increased fecundity, fertilization rates and embryo viability than fish that were fed the other two formulated diets. Egg diameter, egg oil globule diameter, larval size at hatch, larval survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion from the 3.6% n‐3 HUFA broodstock treatment group were not significantly different from those derived from the Control broodstock treatment. These data revealed that flame angelfish egg quality could respond rapidly (within weeks) to maternal dietary changes. Results from this study further support that dietary HUFA composition can significantly affect broodstock reproductive performance as well as subsequent performance of eggs and larvae.     

云南蔬菜产业发展的问题与思考

简述了云南省利用国家实行新一轮西部大开发机遇,推进实施绿色经济强省、民族文化强省建设和中国向西南开放的“桥头堡”战略机遇,重点发展高原特色农业,描述云南蔬菜产业发展状况的基础上,阐述了云南蔬菜产业发展出现的农药残留超标、蔬菜品质低、蔬菜净菜率低、蔬菜废弃物污染环境、蔬菜重茬导致的土壤盐碱化、蔬菜重茬导致的土传病害暴发等问题以及制约云南蔬菜产业发展的主要因素,提出云南蔬菜产业要可持续发展,必须开展提质增效研究,供读者参考。